日粮能量、蛋白水平对辽宁绒山羊精液品质的影响

本试验以辽宁绒山羊种公羊为对象研究了日粮能量、蛋白质水平对种公羊精液品质的影响.采用单因子随机试验设计,将18只成年种公羊按照采精量、产绒量和年龄平均分为3组,每组6只.日粮设两种蛋白质水平(360 g和310 g),能量设两个水平(19 MJ和16 MJ),组合成3种饲粮:高能量高蛋白组(HEHP)、高能量低蛋白组(HELP)和低能量低蛋白组(LELP).3组种公羊分别随机对应3种饲粮.结果表明,日粮蛋白质水平显著影响采精量、密度、有效精子数和冻精产量,日粮能量水平对采精羊百分率有显著影响,日粮能量和蛋白质水平对鲜精活力和冻精活力无显著影响,高能量高蛋白组的精子产量、采精羊百分率、精子活力最高.种公羊配种期日粮能量蛋白质的适宜水平分别为19 MJ和360 g.     

The Concentrations of LH,FSH, Oestradiol-17β and Progesterone in the Blood Plasma of the Female Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus) before and after Intramuscular Injection of Seminal Plasma

The concentrations of LH, FSH, oestradiol-17beta and progesterone in the blood plasma of the female Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) before and after intramuscular injection of seminal plasma.     

Comparison of two methods of seminal plasma removal on buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) sperm cryopreservation

Cryopreservation causes damage to spermatozoa, and methods minimizing this damage are therefore needed. Although much discussed, seminal plasma removal has become an alternative to improve sperm quality and viability after freezing and has been applied to different species in attempt to obtain good results. The objective of this study was to evaluate semen quality in buffaloes submitted to two methods for seminal plasma removal (filtration and centrifugation). Semen samples were collected from seven Murrah buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis) once a week for 8 weeks. Each ejaculate was divided into three groups: control (presence of seminal plasma), centrifugation and filtration. Sperm kinetics was evaluated with the computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. Plasmalemma and acrosomal membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by flow cytometry, and lipid peroxidation was evaluated by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Seminal plasma removal did not improve sperm kinetics compared to the control group. Centrifugation increased the number of cells with damaged acrosomal membranes (0.77 ± 0.05) and filtration caused greater plasmalemma and acrosomal membrane damage (22.18 ± 1.07). No difference in the mitochondrial membrane potential was observed between groups. In contrast, ROS production was higher in the centrifugation group compared to the control and filtration groups, although no differences in TBARS formation were detected. In conclusion, seminal plasma removal did not improve the quality of thawed buffalo semen compared to control in terms of sperm kinetics, membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential or lipid peroxidation.     

双峰驼精清的理化特性

选择键康公驼,人工采精后分离精清,测定精清中微量元素、总氮量、总蛋白量、总脂、干物质、果糖及碱性磷酸酶和乳酸脱氢酶的含量,结果表明双峰驼精清中铜、锌、铁、锰、硒、氟、磷、硫的含量分别为０１３１±００６０、０８２６±０５７２、２８０±０８１５、００５４±００４８、０１２１±００６５、１４２４±００７９、１９６±１５８８、８０２±５７６９ｍｇ／１００ｍＬ;总氮量为２６６２１±００３９５ｇ／１００ｍＬ,总蛋白量为１３１±０５９８ｇ／１００ｍＬ,总脂为２３５２±１１４０ｍｇ／１００ｍＬ,干物质为３３４２±１０５３ｇ／１００ｍＬ,果糖为３７９±９ｍｇ／１００ｍＬ,碱性磷酸酶和乳酸脱氢酶分别为２５１３±１１１３鲍氏单位／１００ｍＬ和８１３±１６２单位／１００ｍＬ。     

莲蓬壳中挥发油成分的定性和定量分析

为研究莲蓬壳中挥发油的成分及含量，以莲蓬壳为试材，采用索氏提取法从莲蓬壳中提取出挥发油，并通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）结合计算机检索系统对其挥发油的主要化学成分进行定性和定量分析。结果表明，莲蓬壳挥发油共鉴定出32种化学成分，占总挥发性物质含量的99.83%，主要分为烃类、醇类、酮类、酯类、酚类、酸类等7类化合物。通过面积归一化法对其含量进行分析，研究发现莲蓬壳挥发油的主要成分为?琢-香树精、?茁-香树精、12-齐墩果烯-3-酮、?茁-谷甾醇油酸酯、谷甾醇、乙酸环阿屯酯、羽扇烯酮等，其中，?琢-香树精含量最高，为27.93%。本研究确定了莲蓬壳中挥发油的主要化合物组成，为合理开发和利用莲蓬壳提供理论依据。     

Gonadal steroidogenesis and the possible role of steroid glucuronides as sex pheromones in two species of teleosts

In general, female zebrafish,Brachydanio rerio, ovulate only in the presence of males. The stimulant must be pheromonal as even male holding water is capable of inducing ovulation. After ovulation the mating phase begins. During this phase the male follows the female and oviposition as well as fertilization takes place. Both the ovulation and the mating are controlled by pheromones synthesized by the gonads. Ovulation can be induced by testicular homogenates. After the lipid material has been extracted from the testicular homogenates, the remaining aqueous phase can still induce ovulation. However, when the aqueous phase is treated with the enzyme-glucuronidase, it loses the ability to induce ovulation. This is an indication that glucuronides, probably steroid glucuronides, are the compounds responsible.During the mating phase, ovulated female zebrafish become attractive to males. It was found that, after ovulation, ovarian extracts contain the compounds responsible for attracting males. The attractant consists of a mixture of steroid glucuronides.After incubation of the gonads with³H-precursors seven steroid glucuronides have been identified in the testis and five in the ovary.Under fish culture conditions the African catfish,Clarias gariepinus, can produce postivitellogenic oocytes throughout the year. However, in capitivity neither males nor females spawn. In female catfish maturation and ovulation can be induced by treatment with gonadotropins. It might be possible that, analogous to the zebrafish, some reproductive processes in the catfish have to be induced by pheromones. It has been demonstrated that pheromonal compounds released by the seminal vesicles are involved in the attraction of female conspecifics. The steroid glucuronide synthesizing capability of the testes and the seminal vesicles of the male catfish are examined, as well as that of the ovary before and after ovulation of the female catfish. Both testes and seminal vesicles appear to be capable of steroid biosynthesis but only the latter synthesizes steroid glucuronides. Six of these conjugates have been isolated and identified. In the female catfish the ovaries are capable of synthesizing seven steroid glucuronides, but only after ovulation.     

Isolation and quantification of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from ovarian and seminal fluids of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L

Methods for the isolation and quantification of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) from ovarian and seminal fluids of Atlantic salmon are described. Both have utility for the non-lethal detection of IPNV in mature broodstock and for research into vertical transmission. Two experiments are described to check the efficiency of an elution method for the removal of IPNV from milt. The isolation rate for ovarian fluid of females was generally higher than that for seminal fluid of males from the same populations. In IPNV milt mixing experiments up to 99.98% of available IPNV adsorbed to Atlantic salmon spermatozoa and 20-100% of virus eluted using a variety of procedures. Titration of virus from naturally infected milt can be useful in estimating the relative vertical transmission risk from male broodstock.     

Seasonal changes in the biochemistry of seminal plasma and sperm motility in the ocean pout,Macrozoarces americanus

Sperm motility, pH and osmolality of seminal plasma varied throughout the reproductive season spanning the period from June to September. Initially, sperm motility was low, peaked in July and August and then fell again towards the end of the spawning season. While the pH of seminal plasma increased from pH 7.4 to 7.9 during the period of spermiation, the average seasonal pH (7.78 ± 0.03) remained close to an experimentally determined optimum pH range for ocean pout sperm motility (pH 8–9). Likewise, although the values for seminal plasma osmolality fell during the reproductive season, from 416–339 mmol kg^-1, the average osmolality value 356 ± 3 was within the optimum for sperm motility (300–400 mmol kg^-1). In comparing fluctuations in sperm motility with the biochemical composition of ocean pout seminal plasma during the spawning season, this analysis showed that increased Mg⁺⁺ levels were correlated with the summer period of maximum sperm motility. A seasonal decline in Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ion levels was reflected in lower seminal plasma osmolality values.     

美国金鳟和日本鳗鲡精浆的化学组成和渗透压

本研究采用原子吸收分光光度法(AAS)和气相渗透压仪测定了人工养殖美国金鳟和日本鳗鲡精浆的化学组成和渗透压。研究结果表明,Na+、K+是精浆中的主要离子,可能在维持精浆渗透压和精子活动能力中有重要的作用。人工养殖美国金鳟与日本鳗鲡相比,精浆离子含量各项指标除K含量较高之外(P<0.01),其它各项指标均无显著性差异。本实验的两种鱼与其它种类海淡水鱼类比较,各种离子含量均较高;美国金鳟精浆渗透压值与其它鱼类相似,均保持在300 mOsm/kg的水平。     

Chicken seminal fluid lacks CD9- and CD44-bearing extracellular vesicles

The avian seminal fluid (SF) is a protein-rich fluid, derived from the testis, the rudimentary epididymis and, finally, from the cloacal gland. The SF interacts with spermatozoa and the inner cell lining of the female genital tract, to modulate sperm functions and female immune responsiveness. Its complex proteome might either be free or linked to extracellular vesicles (EVs) as it is the case in mammals, where EVs depict the tetraspanin CD9; and where those EVs derived from the epididymis (epididymosomes) also present the receptor CD44. In the present study, sperm-free SF from Red Jungle Fowl, White Leghorn and an advanced intercross (AIL, 12th generation) were studied using flow cytometry of the membrane marker tetraspanin CD9, Western blotting of the membrane receptor CD44 and electron microscopy in non-enriched (whole SF) or enriched fractions obtained by precipitation using a commercial kit (Total Exosome Precipitation Solution). Neither CD9- nor CD44 could be detected, and the ultrastructure confirmed the relative absence of EVs, raising the possibility that avian SF interacts differently with the female genitalia as compared to the seminal plasma of mammals.